Open-pit quarry operation procedures

I. Blasting safety procedures

1. Implement a full-time blaster system. Personnel engaged in blasting work must undergo blasting safety technical knowledge training organized by the county public security bureau, pass the examination, and hold a blaster operation certificate.

2. Implement a scheduled blasting system. The time for blasting operations every day is determined by the quarry safety officer according to the specific situation and reported to the quarry director for approval.

3. Blasting technician responsibilities: ① Responsible for the design of blasting projects, guiding construction, and inspecting quality; ② Responsible for formulating blasting safety technical measures and inspecting implementation; ③ Responsible for formulating technical measures for blind blasting treatment and providing technical guidance; ④ Participate in the destruction of blasting equipment; ⑤ Participate in the investigation and handling of blasting accidents.

4. Responsibilities of explosive equipment management personnel: ① Responsible for the inspection, storage, distribution and statistics of explosive equipment; ② Have the right to refuse to issue explosive equipment to those who do not have a blaster certificate; ③ Responsible for checking the safety of the warehouse area, fire protection facilities and lightning protection devices, and promptly deal with unsafe hidden dangers if found, and report to the quarry manager in time if unable to deal with them; ④ Timely count and report blasting equipment with quality problems and expired, deteriorated and invalid; ⑤ Participate in the destruction of blasting equipment; ⑥ Have the right to refuse to issue blasting equipment to those who receive blasting equipment in excess of the plan and the specified amount.

5. Responsibilities of blasters: ① Carry out blasting operations according to the blasting design regulations; ② Use blasting equipment safely, and do not place it randomly, lose it or transfer it to others, and do not destroy it or use it for other purposes without authorization; ③ Carefully check the site after the blasting, and deal with or report blind shots and other unsafe situations in time; ④ After the blasting is over, the remaining blasting equipment should be returned to the blasting equipment warehouse in time, and it is not allowed to be kept privately, transferred to others or sold.

6. Blasting operations are prohibited when any of the following circumstances occur at the blasting site: ① There is a risk of roof collapse or slope sliding; ② Blasting parameters or construction quality do not meet design requirements; ③ There is a risk of water gushing from the working face or abnormal temperatures in the blast-holes and cave chambers; ④ Endangering the safety of equipment or buildings, and no effective protective measures; ⑤ No warning is set up on the boundary of the danger zone; ⑥ The passage is unsafe or blocked, the support specifications are significantly different from the provisions of the support instructions, or the support of the working face is damaged; ⑦ Insufficient light or no lighting in the cave chamber; ⑧ Failure to strictly prepare for the work in accordance with the requirements of this regulation.

7. Blasting is prohibited on thunderstorm days, foggy days, windy days above level 7, dusk and night. When encountering thunderstorms during blasting operations, blasting operations should be stopped immediately and the danger zone should be evacuated quickly.

8. The following regulations must be observed during charging: ① Before charging, the blast-holes and powder pots should be inspected, cleaned and accepted; ② The blasting charge should be corrected according to the measured data and the original design charge should be approved by the leader of the blasting work or the blasting engineering and technical personnel; ③ The charge must be charged according to the calculated charge, and the charging height must not be exceeded when blasting deep holes and shallow holes; ④ When loading explosive packages and explosive columns, throwing or impacting is strictly prohibited; ⑤ When shallow holes and deep holes are blocked, non-sparking tools can be used before loading sensitive blasting equipment such as detonators and explosive columns; ⑥ If it is found that the explosive package (including detonator) is not installed in place and is buried by the explosive column and cannot be lifted slightly, it is prohibited to pull it out and it should be handled according to the relevant regulations for handling blind guns; ⑦ Wooden gun sticks must be used for charging; ⑧ Fireworks are prohibited, and open flames are prohibited for lighting; ⑨ When encountering ammonium nitrate explosive lumps, paper tubes should be gently kneaded by hand, and bagged bulk powder should be gently broken with wooden hammers and sticks before use.

9. Blasting warning and signal: ① Put up a red flag 10 meters away from the charging site to mark the blasting danger zone, and prohibit unrelated personnel from entering; ② Processing detonating cords and explosive bags on site should be carried out in a safe place 20 meters away from the medium and deep hole blasting area and 50 meters away from the chamber blasting area; ③ Before detonation, determine the warning boundary of the blasting danger zone according to the blasting design and the specific conditions of the site and loading, and set up sentries. Each sentry should be within the sight range of the adjacent sentries; ④ Before detonation, obvious sound and visual signals must be issued, so that people in the danger zone can hear and see them. Employees and nearby residents should know the meaning of the warning range, warning signs and sound signals, as well as the specified blasting time in advance.

10. Fuse detonation: ① The fuse should be cut with a sharp knife as needed in advance. 5cm should be cut off at both ends of each coil. It is forbidden to cut the fuse that has been connected to the detonator and the powder bag or inserted with explosives; ② The fuse detonation network should be connected by overlapping, sailor connection and other methods. When overlapping, the overlapping length shall not be less than 15 cm, and no foreign objects and explosive rolls shall be sandwiched in the middle, and the binding shall be firm. The angle between the branch line and the main line in the direction of explosion shall not be greater than 90°. The detonator of the detonating fuse should be tied tightly at 15cm away from the end of the detonating cord, and the energy collection hole of the detonator should face the direction of explosion of the detonating cord; ③ In the fuse network, except for the sailor knot, knotting and looping are prohibited. When staggered, the detonating cords should be lined with pads with a thickness of not less than 10cm; ④ When the cave chamber is blasted, the place where the fuse contacts the ammonium nitrate explosive can be wrapped with plastic to prevent oil leakage.

11. Post-blasting inspection: ① After the blasting, blasting workers are allowed to enter the blasting site for no less than 5 minutes; ② If blind blasting, roof collapse, dangerous rocks, support damage, etc. are found, they should be handled in time. Before handling, danger warnings or signs should be set up on site; ③ After inspection and handling to confirm that the blasting site is safe, personnel are allowed to enter the blasting site. ④ After each blasting, the blaster should carefully fill in the blasting record.

12. Blind blasting handling: ① If a blind blasting is found or suspected, it should be reported immediately and handled in time. If it cannot be handled in time, obvious signs should be set up near it and corresponding safety measures should be taken; ② When handling blind blasts, irrelevant personnel are not allowed to be present, and warnings should be set up at the boundary of the danger zone and other operations should be prohibited, and it is prohibited to pull out or take out the detonator; ③ When a blind blast occurs, it should be handled on duty. If it cannot be handled or cannot be handled completely on duty, the blind situation (number, blasthole direction, charge quantity and detonator position treatment method and treatment opinions, etc.) should be explained clearly on site and the next shift will continue to handle it; ④ Each time a blind blast is handled, the person handling the blind blast must fill in a registration card.

2. Open-pit operation safety regulations

1. Implement the principle of stripping first and then mining, and the stripping and mining separation. The stripping working face should be more than 4 meters ahead of the mining working face.

2. Implement step-type mining, with a layer height of 10 to 20 meters, and a layered rock drilling platform width of not less than 20 meters; the final slope angle is determined according to the stability of the rock mass, but the maximum shall not exceed 75 degrees.

3. It is strictly forbidden to use mining methods such as expansion pot blasting and bottom caving.

4. Before and during the operation and after each blasting, the operators shall conduct a safety inspection of the slope. If cracks are found on the working surface, or if there are floating stones, dangerous rocks and umbrella eaves on the slope that may collapse, all personnel shall immediately evacuate to a safe place and take reliable and safe preventive measures.

5. Personnel entering the mining site must wear safety helmets. When working on a slope with a height of more than 2 meters from the ground or a slope of more than 30 degrees, a safety rope or safety belt shall be used. The safety rope shall be tied to a firm place, and it is strictly forbidden for multiple people to use a safety rope at the same time.

6. Operators shall not stand on dangerous rocks, floating stones or work in the air; during manual loading operations, there shall be a special person to monitor to prevent rocks from falling on the slope. It is strictly forbidden to work on the upper and lower platforms on the same slope at the same time.

7. Blasting operations shall be carried out by professional blasters, blasting warning ranges shall be set, and a timed blasting system shall be implemented. Blasting operations shall be prohibited on thunderstorm days, at night and in foggy days.

8. When shoveling and transporting, operators shall strictly abide by the provisions of the loading and transportation safety regulations.

III. Quarry Motor Vehicle Transportation Safety Regulations

1. Quarry motor vehicle drivers must regularly check quarry motor vehicles to ensure that the tires are inflated and that quarry motor vehicles are used safely.

2. Quarry motor vehicles must be driven at a low speed. There must be two quarry motor vehicle drivers on uphill and downhill sections to implement front pulling and back pushing (front blocking and back pulling when downhill).

3. When two quarry motor vehicles are driving in the same direction, they must maintain a distance of more than 10 meters.

4. When an empty quarry motor vehicle meets a loaded quarry motor vehicle, the empty quarry motor vehicle should stop by the side and wait for the loaded quarry motor vehicle to pass first. The distance between the two quarry motor vehicles when meeting shall not be less than 0.5 meters.

5. Quarry motor vehicles are not allowed to transport personnel.

6. After get off work, the quarry motor vehicle driver must clean up the quarry motor vehicle and send it to the designated place in the quarry for safekeeping.

7. It is strictly forbidden for motor vehicles to drive into the steep slope section where crawler engineering machinery is walking.

IV. Operating procedures for wind drillers

1. Check whether the main machine and bracket are intact and whether the safety protection device is reliable.

2. Before entering the work surface, you should first check whether there are blind shots and residual explosives on the work surface. If there are, the blaster must handle them before starting the operation.

3. There must be good ventilation and lighting conditions.

4. When working on the drilling platform, you should carefully check its firmness and start only when it meets the requirements.

5. The looseness of the top plate of the slope of the working surface and the rocks on both sides should be checked frequently. If loose stones are found, the pieces should be handled in time. Drilling is not allowed if they are not handled properly. It is forbidden to work under the cliff.

6. The water rope and wind rope joints of the rock drill should be firmly connected.

7. The water must be turned on first, the wind must be turned on, and the machine must be turned off otherwise, so as to achieve wet operation.

8. The arrangement of blastholes should be reasonable, and their angles and depths should meet the design requirements.

9. When blowing the gravel in the hole, you must hold the wind rope head and the blowpipe, and you should stand on the side of the hole to blow.

10. It is forbidden to drill old holes and residual holes.

11. When drilling rocks, you must concentrate, stand firmly, and hold your hands tightly to prevent the machine from tipping over and falling when the drill is broken. When drilling upward, the assistant should stand on the side, not on the front of the drill. When drilling upward, you should hold the drill rod with your hand before retracting the drill to prevent the drill rod from falling and injuring people.

12. The air leg should be adjusted smoothly, and the operator should stand on one side of the air leg. It is forbidden to ride on the air leg to drill.

13. After stopping drilling, you must count the tools and accessories, and coil the wind rope and water rope together with the drilling rig in a safe and reliable place that does not affect traffic.

5. Operating procedures for stripping and dumping (slag dumping) workers

1. Before operation, check whether the slope has hanging tops, loose stones, and whether there are residual or blind shots. If there are hanging tops and loose stones, they should be dealt with in time. If there are residual or blind shots, they should be reported to the duty officer immediately for handling by the blasting worker.

2. Check whether the stripping and loading tools are intact, and start the operation after sprinkling water on the ore (rock) pile.

3. It is forbidden to dig grooves (dig rat holes). When prying stones, the operator must choose a good retreat to prevent stones from rolling down and injuring people.

4. When breaking large stones, the hammer handle must be firm, and pay attention to the surrounding people not being threatened by the hammer and flying stones.

5. The upper and lower platforms are not allowed to work on the same vertical line. If the upper and lower platforms need to work at the same time, the upper platform must be 20m ahead of the lower platform. And there must be no floating stones on the slope of the upper platform that endanger the operation of the lower platform.

6. Before laying the slope, first check whether the tools and safety ropes, safety belts, ladders are intact, and whether the safety bolts are firm, otherwise they must be replaced. It is forbidden to lay the slope on stormy days.

7. When pushing a cart, you should look up at the road. If you find any obstacles on the road, you should stop and clear them immediately. When turning or reaching the end, you should slow down. If there are pedestrians in front, you should first give a signal to let the car go, and you cannot compete with others for the road.

8. When unloading ore, there must be measures to stop the car. If there are people working at the bottom of the chute, ore cannot be unloaded. It is forbidden to work vertically at the top and bottom at the same time.

VI. Operating procedures for loose stone workers

1. According to the class plan and tasks, listen carefully to the team leader's arrangements on relevant safety issues and do a good job in safety protection for this position.

2. Spray water before work to reduce dust concentration. Do a good job of lighting and make preparations.

3. Correctly grasp the crowbar. When prying the stone, stand in a T-shape with one foot in front and one foot behind.

4. Make a comprehensive inspection before operation. According to the loose stone situation, take the procedure of prying the top first and then the two sides.

5. When prying loose rocks, you should do the following: (1) Control the point where the rocks fall, plan your own route of advance and retreat, and prevent rocks from falling and injuring people; (2) Choose a safe place and pry steadily from one side to the other (in the open air, you can pry from top to bottom); (3) Keep a light, eyes, hands, ears, and always pay attention to changes in the looseness of the rock layer; (4) Avoid falling and getting injured when prying rocks.

6. When handling loose rocks in the open air, you must tie a safety rope. The root rope must be tied to a secure place to prevent it from falling off. When multiple people pry rocks at the same time, they must line up in a straight line in the open air, or work in sections, and must not work up and down at the same time.

7. When handling floating rocks in an empty area, you can use a platform or a long bamboo pole to work.

8. If you encounter a large piece of loose rocks that cannot be pried off, you should hand it over to the shift clearly or report to the team leader. Take safety measures when drilling holes.

9. It is forbidden to work under loose rocks that have not been pried off.

10. When there are cracks on the earth and stone on the open air steps or large pieces of loose rocks that cannot be pried off, blasting methods should be used to deal with them.