Knowledge Popularization | Definition and Classification of Mining Machinery and Equipment
Mining machinery and equipment refers to machinery directly used for mineral mining (mining equipment) and enrichment (ore dressing equipment) and other operations. Mining machinery and equipment are divided into three categories: mining equipment, ore dressing equipment, and prospecting equipment.
[Mining Equipment]
Mining equipment is generally divided into: coal mining equipment (coal), mining equipment (metal and non-metallic ores), and drilling equipment (petroleum). Mining is used for underground and open-pit mining. Mining equipment is divided into drilling machinery for drilling blast-holes, excavation machinery and loading and unloading machinery for digging and loading ore and rock, and tunneling machinery for drilling and drilling of patios, shafts, and level tunnels. Drilling equipment is divided into: rock drills and drilling rigs. Rock drills are used to drill blast-holes with a diameter of 20 to 100 mm and a depth of less than 20 meters in medium-hard rocks. Rock drills are divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic, and electric power according to different power sources. Pneumatic rock drills are the most commonly used. Drilling rigs are divided into: open-pit drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs. According to the structure of the broken ore and rock, open-pit drilling rigs are divided into: wire rope impact drilling rigs, down-the-hole drilling rigs, rotary drilling rigs, and rotary drilling rigs; among them, wire rope impact drilling rigs have the lowest efficiency and are not commonly used.
[Mineral Processing Equipment] Mineral processing equipment is divided into: crushing, grinding, screening, sorting and dehydration and production line accessories. Crushing equipment is divided into: cone crusher, jaw crusher, box crusher, impact crusher, etc. Grinding equipment is divided into: drum mill, including rod mill, ball mill, gravel mill and autogenous mill, etc. Screening equipment is divided into: inertial vibrating screen, resonance screen. Sorting equipment is divided into: gravity concentrator, magnetic separator, flotation machine, special concentrator, wet machine, etc. Gravity concentrators are divided into: jig, heavy medium concentrator, centrifugal concentrator. Wet sorting equipment is divided into: hydraulic classifier, mechanical classifier. The concentrate obtained by wet concentrator needs to be dehydrated mechanically to separate the solid and liquid. Dehydration machinery is divided into: concentrator, filter, centrifugal dehydrator, dryer.
[Prospecting equipment]
Prospecting equipment is divided into: rotary drilling rig, rotary vertical shaft drilling rig, derrick (drilling tower), winch, power machine (electric motor, diesel engine), mud pump, manipulator and pipe twister and other auxiliary equipment. The working principle and structure of prospecting machinery are mostly the same or similar to those of mining machinery. Other mechanical equipment used in mining operations include cranes, conveyors, ventilators, drainage machinery, etc.