Mine blasting is an important technical means of mining.
Mining blasting technology（CO2 rock blasting system）
1 Overview
Mining blasting is an important technical means of mining. It uses the explosive energy of explosives to break rocks and ores to achieve the purpose of mining. The development of mining blasting technology is closely related to the development of mining technology. With the expansion of mining scale and the diversification of mining methods, mining blasting technology has also been continuously developed and improved.
2 Basic principles
The principle of mining blasting is to use the explosive energy of explosives to break rocks and ores. The explosion of explosives is a kind of chemical reaction. During the chemical reaction, the oxidant and reductant in the explosive react to release a large amount of heat energy and gas. Under the action of the explosion wave, these heat energy and gases impact the surrounding rocks and ores, thereby breaking the rocks and ores.
3 Types
According to the purpose and use of blasting, mining blasting can be divided into the following categories:
Mining blasting: It is the main type of blasting in mining, used to break rocks and ores to achieve the purpose of mining. Mining blasting can be divided into open-pit mining blasting and underground mining blasting.
Open-pit mining blasting: It is the main method of open-pit mining, used to crush rocks and ores to mine ores in the open air. The main purpose of open-pit mining blasting is to:
Crush rocks to form a mining surface;
Crush ore for easy transportation;
Crush waste rock for easy stacking.
Common methods of open-pit mining blasting include: * Deep hole blasting: It is the main method of open-pit mining blasting, used to crush rocks and ores to form a mining surface. The characteristics of deep hole blasting are large hole depth, large charge, and large explosion power. * Shallow hole blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form a mining surface. The characteristics of shallow hole blasting are small hole depth, small charge, and small explosion power. * Step blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form a mining surface. The characteristics of step blasting are that the hole depth gradually increases, the charge gradually increases, and the explosion power gradually increases. * Throwing blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form a mining surface. The characteristics of throwing blasting are large charge, large explosion power, and the shock wave generated during the explosion throws the rock into the air.
Underground mining blasting: It is the main method of underground mining, used to crush rocks and ores, and mine ores underground. The main purpose of underground mining blasting is:
Crush rocks to form goafs;
Crush ores for easy transportation;
Crush waste rocks for easy stacking.
Common methods of underground mining blasting include: * Deep hole blasting: It is the main method of underground mining blasting, used to crush rocks and ores to form goafs. The characteristics of deep hole blasting are large hole depth, large charge, and large explosion power. * Shallow hole blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form goafs. The characteristics of shallow hole blasting are small hole depth, small charge, and small explosion power. * Step blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form goafs. The characteristics of step blasting are that the hole depth gradually increases, the charge gradually increases, and the explosion power gradually increases. * Throwing blasting: It is used to crush rocks and form goafs. The characteristics of throwing blasting are large charge, large explosion power, and the shock wave generated during the explosion throws the rocks into the air. * Filling blasting: used to fill the goaf, prevent gas and water leakage, and protect mining equipment. The characteristics of filling blasting are small charge, small explosion power, and small shock wave generated during the explosion.
Support blasting: used to support mine tunnels and working faces to prevent landslides and roof falls. The main purposes of support blasting are:
Support mine tunnels and working faces;
Prevent landslides and roof falls;
Protect miners.
Common methods of support blasting include: * Anchor blasting: It is the main method of support blasting and is used to fix anchors. The characteristics of anchor blasting are small charge, small explosion power, and small shock wave generated during the explosion. * Pillar blasting: used to fix pillars. The characteristics of pillar blasting are large charge, large explosion power, and large shock wave generated during the explosion. * Filling blasting: used to fill the goaf, prevent gas and water leakage, and protect mining equipment. The characteristics of filling blasting are small charge, small explosion power, and small shock wave generated during the explosion.
Other blasting: including blasting used for mine development, drainage, ventilation, etc.
4 Parameters
The parameters of mine blasting refer to the factors that affect the blasting effect, mainly including the following aspects:
Type, specification and charge of explosives: The type, specification and charge of explosives are the key factors affecting the blasting effect. Different types of explosives have different explosion energy, explosion speed and explosion power. Different specifications of explosives have different charge. Too much charge will lead to too much explosion power and too serious crushing effect; too little charge will lead to insufficient explosion power and poor crushing effect.
Depth, diameter and layout of blast-holes: The depth, diameter and layout of blast-holes are important factors affecting the blasting effect. The deeper the blast hole, the more concentrated the explosion energy and the better the crushing effect; the larger the diameter of the blast hole, the faster the explosion energy is released and the better the crushing effect; the different arrangements of the blast holes have different crushing effects.
Detonation method: The detonation method is a factor that affects the blasting effect. Different detonation methods have different explosion speeds and explosion powers.
Blasting sequence: The blasting sequence is a factor that affects the blasting effect. Different blasting sequences have different crushing effects.
5 Safety
Mine blasting is a highly dangerous operation, so safety regulations must be strictly followed and effective safety measures must be taken. The safety of mine blasting mainly includes the following aspects:
Safety inspections must be carried out before blasting to ensure the safety of the blasting area.
Blasting personnel must undergo professional training and be familiar with blasting safety knowledge and operating procedures.
Blasting equipment must meet safety standards and be loaded, unloaded and used by qualified personnel.
Safety operating procedures must be strictly followed during blasting to prevent accidents.
6 Development Trends
With the continuous development of mining technology, mining blasting technology will also continue to develop and improve. The development trends of mining blasting technology in the future mainly include the following aspects:
More safe and environmentally friendly: mining blasting will pay more attention to safety and environmental protection, and adopt safer and more environmentally friendly blasting technology and equipment.
More efficient and economical: mining blasting will pay more attention to efficiency and economy, and adopt more efficient and economical blasting methods and processes.
More intelligent: mining blasting will be more intelligent, and adopt more intelligent blasting control systems.
7 Conclusion
Mining blasting is an important technical means of mining, and its technical level directly affects the safety, efficiency and economic benefits of mining. With the continuous development of mining technology, mining blasting technology will continue to develop and improve, providing safer, more efficient and economical guarantees for mining.
